Retraction and Corrections

Retraction of articles

The editorial board reserves the right to retract already published articles in cases of serious breaches of academic integrity, including plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, duplicate publication, false results, or other major ethical violations. Retraction decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief in consultation with the editorial board, in line with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Corrections and clarifications

In cases of minor errors that do not affect the overall results of the study, the journal publishes corrections or clarifications (corrigendum/erratum). Such notices are linked to the original article via the DOI system, ensuring transparency of the editorial record.

Serious violations

If significant issues are discovered after publication that call into question the scholarly validity or ethical soundness of the work, the article will be retracted. Retracted articles remain accessible but are clearly marked as “Retracted,” accompanied by a statement explaining the reasons. This practice is consistent with international standards and safeguards the integrity of the scholarly record.